An equivalent T-stub – general explanation
The design resistance of bolted connections can be calculated using an equivalent T-stub model. This method reflects the behaviour of some elements of the connection under tension and compression and it is confirmed by test evidence. We can calculate the capacity of the following basic components of bolted connections: end plate in bending; column flange in bending; flange cleat in bending; base plate in bending under tension; base plate in compression. The figures below give